| dc.description.abstract | El objetivo fue evaluar y seleccionar líneas elite de maíz; formar y evaluar híbridos trilineales, por su calidad forrajera, considerando calidad de semilla. La investigación se realizó en, Montecillo, Texcoco, Méx., Región Subtropical y Valles Altos. Las variables principales fueron: Aspecto físico de la hoja (AFH), Cualidad Forrajera (CF), Hojas por planta (HPP), Altura de planta (AP), Diámetro de tallo (DT), Mazorcas por planta (MAZP), Rendimiento de grano (RENGR), Hileras por mazorca (HPM), Granos por hilera (GPH), Largo de mazorca (LMZ), Diámetro de mazorca (DMZ), Porcentaje de Granos No Formados (PGNF), Peso de Cien Semillas (PCS), Peso Volumétrico (PV), Porcentaje de Germinación (PG), Rendimiento de, semilla (RS), materia seca de la planta completa (RMS) y materia seca de ensilado (RMSENS) y sus componentes, relaciones, tallo:planta (RTP), hoja:planta (RHP), elote:planta (REP), Proteína Cruda (PC), Fibra Detergente Neutra (FDN) y Ácida (FDA). Las mejores líneas por AFH, RMS y RENG fueron L38, L7, L37, L26, L36, L14, L12, L27, L21, L42, L41 y L35. Las cruzas simples CL12 x CL11 y CL4 x CL1 con valores más altos de AP (238 y 239 cm, respectivamente) y de RS (237 y 251 g planta-1, respectivamente) observaron mayor MPP (172 para ambas) y PGNF (1.7 y 2.0 %, respectivamente). Se observó una r= 0.72 entre LMZ y GPH; para DMZ y HPM una r= 0.45 y, entre GPH y PGNF una r= -0.48. DMZ y HPM mostraron una r= 0.45 y, para GPH y PGNF una r= -0.48. La RTP mostró una r= -0.93 con REP y, un r= -0.52 con NUMELOTES. La REP presentó una r= 0.53 con NUMELOTES. Para RMS en la región subtropical mostró una media de 26.0 t ha-1, siendo HT-5, HT-4, HT-12 y HT-10 los de mayor comportamiento productivo; en Valles Altos fue de 40.5 t ha-1, siendo HT-1, HT-12, HT-6, HT-8, HT-2 y el HS-2 los de mayor comportamiento productivo, por lo que deben validarse a nivel más amplio. El Criollo mostró menor FDN (55.7%) y FDA (25.8%) y, el HT-6 mayor PC (8.5%). _______________ EFFICIENCY OF POLLINATION, PRODUCTION AND QUALITY OF SEED, AND FORAGE IN HYBRIDS TRILINEAR CORN. ABSTRACT : The objective was to evaluate and to select to lines corn elite; to form and to evaluate trilinear hybrids, by its forage quality, considering quality of seed. The investigation was conducted in, Montecillo, Texcoco, Méx., Subtropical Region and High Valleys. The main variables were: physical aspect of the leaf (AFH), forage quality (CF), leaves by plant (HPP), height of plant (AP), diameter of stem (DT), ears by plant (MAZP), grain yield (RENGR), rows by ear (HPM), grains by row (GPH), length of ear (LMZ), diameter of ear (DMZ), percentage of grains no create (PGNF), weight of one hundred seeds (PCS), volumetric weight (PV), percentage of germination (PG), yield of seed (RS), dry matter of plant complete (RMS) and dry matter of silage (RMSENS) and his components, relations: stem:plant (RTP), leaf:plant (RHP), ear:plant (REP), crude protein (PC), neutral detergent fiber (FDN) and acid (FDA). The best lines by AFH, RMS and RENG were L38, L7, L37, L26, L36, L14, L12, L27, L21, L42, L41 and L35. The cross simple CL12 x CL11 and CL4 x CL1 with higher values of AP (238 and 239 cm, respectively) and of RS (237 and 251 g per plants, respectively) observed greater MPP (172 for both) and PGNF (1.7 and 2.0%, respectively). An r= 0.72 was observed between LMZ and GPH; for DMZ and HPM an r= 0.45 and, between GPH and PGNF an r= -0.48. DMZ and HPM showed an r= 0.45 and, for GPH and PGNF an r= -0.48. The RTP showed an r= -0.93 with REP and, r= -0.52 with number ears. The REP showed an r= 0.53 with number ears. For RMS in the subtropical region showed an average of 26.0 t per hectare, being HT-5, HT-4, HT-12 and HT-10 those of greater productive behavior; in High Valleys was 40.5 t per hectare , being HT-1, HT-12, HT-6, HT-8, HT-2 and HS-2, those of greater productive behavior, reason why they must be validated at ampler level. The Criollo showed minor FDN (55.7%) and FDA (25.8%) and, HT-6 greater PC (8.5%). | es |
