Disposición especial de bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) ( Hemiptera: Triozidae) en Physalis ixocarp Brot

Abstract

Physalis ixocarpa es uno de los cultivos más importantes en México, y es hospedero de una amplio rango de plagas, entre ellas Bactericera cockerelli. Este insecto ha tomado gran relevancia en México desde 1997; existen reportes que señalan hasta un 45 % de daños producidos por esta plaga debido a la transmisión de la Enfermedad del Permanente del Tomate. Sin embargo, no existen programas de muestreo para la plaga en cuestión. Por esta razón se determinó la disposición espacial de Bactericera cockerelli en tres parcelas experimentales en Texcoco, México. Se emplearon los parámetros de la varianza/media y la Ley de la Potencia de Taylor (LPT), además se obtuvieron mapas de superficie de respuesta de la plaga; los datos fueron analizados con el programa SUPRA para obtener los parámetros de la LPT, la relación varianza/media y los mapas de superficie de respuesta; se evaluaron los colores azul, amarillo, naranja y verde neón de trampas pegajosas para la captura de adultos. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los huevos y ninfas presentan una disposición agregada, mientras que los adultos son altamente móviles dentro del campo. Los estados biológicos presentan diferentes patrones de distribución en las parcelas. También se evaluaron diferentes colores de trampas pegajosas para la captura de adultos.___________Green tomato (Physalis ixocarpa), one of the most important crops in Mexico, is host of a large number of pests including Bactericera cockerelli. This insect has increased its importance as a main pest since 1997, especially to Solanaceous crops. It can cause up to 45 % of indirect damage to tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), due to its role as vector of Permanent Tomato Disease. Management of this pest can be facilitated through sampling plans. However, no sampling procedure has been reported so far and the knowledge about the spatial distribution of this pest is lacking as well. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the spatial distribution of Bactericera cockerelli and to display populations on a spatial scale by using surface-response maps. Observations were recorded from adults, eggs, and nymphs by inspecting four buds every three meters along the grooves and every three grooves (3.6 m) in each of the three fields in Texcoco, México, for nine weeks, from April 16 to June 12, 2007. Spatial distribution was estimated with the Taylor´s Power Law model and visual representation of densities was obtained by constructing surface response maps with the SUPRA software. Four colors: blue, yellow, neon green and neon orange, were used for catching adults using cylindrical-sticky traps. The results showed that eggs and nymphs were aggregated while adults had a high dynamics of movement under field conditions. The Taylor´s Power Law showed variable patterns for each pest stadium. The neon green coloured sticky trap was found most efficient for capturing adults.